Solar Oven Written Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sun powered Oven Written - Lab Report Example Inner temperature of the broiler depression ordinarily begins to ascend when it is set in the sun and a while later arrive at a consistent worth known as warm balance. Subsequently, a significant movement is to differ the information boundaries for the sunlight based broiler venture and to foresee the most extreme stove temperature which gives warm harmony. To the creating scene, sun based stove is an engaging idea given the idea of the vitality source. The prominence is credited to the manner in which vitality is outfit without including in consuming powers due to it is an inexhaustible source. it’s safe, smoke free which implies its eco-accommodating, and costs nothing. This makes sunlight based much increasingly solid since it is bounty in nature and doesn't require long methodology for acquiring. At warm balance, essential thermodynamics expresses that the vitality streaming into the stove must be similarly adjusted by the vitality that streams out of the broiler and that the force consumed by the stove rises to the force that keeps separate from the stove (Sage, 237). This is as delineated by the accompanying: Objective is to record conditions for both Pout and Pabsorbed, as a component of the structure and material properties of our genuine broiler. Setting these conditions equivalent, we will have the option to unravel for the inside temperature of the stove regarding these material properties. A condition that is progressively reasonable for our sun based broiler incorporates two separate warmth misfortune terms: a term depicting how much warmth streams out of the sides and base of the stove, and a term that portrays how much warmth is missed out of the window For this situation, a legitimate plan is the utilization of reflectors, which can act in expanding the interior temperature of the broiler. The reflector expands the temperature through conveying more daylight to the window and into the depression of the stove. The critical structure requirement considered for the plan is that the pre-owned reflectors ought to have level surfaces and not, in any capacity, bended surfaces. This is on the grounds that bended

Ethan Hurley 11/9/16 Essays (151 words) - Fiction, Hugo Hurley Reyes

Ethan Hurley 11/9/16 833 Dr. Coombs Fairness 72521 My name is Equality 72521 Also, when I hear something I am not the one to run I tune in to the w's Who, What, When, Where, and Why Enough to give knowledge To a visually impaired man without any eyes I am not imbecilic, yet I am not savvy At the point when I have thoughts, you'll recognize the twinkle clearly Since around then you'll understand I and interest are companions In spite of the fact that it is prohibited Realities are being covered up So sick be the just one to investigate To open not to sulk To see to verbally stifle The bad behaviors of these individuals That have thrown innumerable others through the entryway. My name is Equality and comprehend somewhat more Since I am a traveler Not hesitant to go out past the entryways

The world was created by God Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The world was made by God - Term Paper Example What's more, there is nobody being that has the force and ability to make the world. The Jainas fight that, in the event that God were really ubiquitous and omniscient as asserted by the Naiyayika, at that point he would need to be all over the place and would require adsorbing himself to everything. Everything would need to be adsorbed to into his own self likewise, which would not leave anything to exist outside of him. His omniscient nature would likewise cause him to be able to encounter hellfire since he would know it all and the information he would have would be an immediate encounter. In this way, his ubiquitous and omniscient nearness is placed into question. The Jainas likewise battle that, a profound God would not be able to make material things since he had no crude material. This contention sets that asserting the crude material rose normally was to fail on the grounds that this would imply that the entire world should have made itself and come to be normally likewise (V an Voorst 134). From this contention, the Jainas appear to battle that understanding the world similar to the reason for an impact is troublesome since if impact is interpreted as meaning the world is made of parts, even space would, for this situation, must be viewed as having been an impact of God’s creation. On the off chance that this impact were to imply that something that didn't exist before being the aftereffect of a reason with cognizance, it is preposterous to expect to discussion of the world just like the impact of the inventive capacity of God since the sum total of what iotas have been there since the start. Moreover, on the off chance that it implies that God made things that are subject to being changed after some time, at that point it ought to be contended that God was and still is at risk to being changed. God would likewise require a maker who might make him and that maker would require another maker to make him without any end in sight. From the Jainas co ntention, such sort of creation would cause unending relapse. At long last, the Jainas battle that if God was finished and impeccable preceding making the world, the will to make the world could never have emerged in him, and on the off chance that he were not great, he would not be able to make the world any longer than a potter would (Van Voorst 134). The perspective on God as a sweeping and nebulous additionally renders him unfit to make the world since he would want to frame or make anything. The Jainas fight that if God would need to be flawed in light of the fact that he would need to have the insight of people. On the off chance that this was not the case and God’s insight was just like that of people, he would at present need to have a body since every single clever being on the planet have bodies. Exemplified insight is essential if God ought to be able to create a will. God would likewise not have increased any preferred position from making the universe since he is immaculate too (Van Voorst 134). As indicated by the Jaina, it is superfluous to expect a first-cause or a maker in light of the fact that there must likewise be a being who prompted the primary reason. For the Jainas, it is increasingly likely and sensible to expect that the world has consistently existed and that it has experienced numerous changes (Jain 45). Nature and not a god or God drives these changes, which additionally prompted the Jainas not having any accounts to clarify creation. The world and everything that is in it, including movement standards, time, soul, space, and

Fear and Fantasy Intersections of Horror and Sexuality in Bastard out of Carolina - Literature Essay Samples

There is a thrill to be had in frightening experiences; this explains the popularity of horror films, roller coasters, and haunted house tours. So many people embrace their fears in order to achieve their desired thrill. In the novel Bastard out of Carolina, Dorothy Allison intertwines themes of sexuality and fear, showing how danger can incite desire, as long as it is welcome. Allison uses the character of Bone to demonstrate how fantasy can be used to transform fear into a pleasurable experience. Fear, while considered a negative emotion, is not necessarily the most destructive force possible, especially when the fear derives only from fantasy and not an actual risk of harm. Allison illustrates this in Bone by making her recoil at Daddy Glen’s advances while obsessing over them in the privacy of her bed. When she is first molested by him, she does not get any pleasure out of it, saying that â€Å"it made me afraid, his big hand between my legs and his eyes glittering in the dim light (46).† Afterwards, she expresses the wish that it had only been a dream (48), because the reality of the molestation incites a real fear of what Daddy Glen, stronger than Bone and in a position of authority, could do to her. A dream, on the other hand, would be thrilling. While the molestation was not in fact a dream, Bone creates one out of it, fantasizing about pain and fear during masturbation:I would imagine being tied up and put in a haystack while someone set the drystale straw ablaze. I would picture it perfectly while rocking on my hand. The daydream was about struggling to get free while the fire burned hotter and closer. I am not sure if I came when t he fire reached me or after I had imagined escaping it. But I came. I orgasmed on my hand to the dream of fire. (Allison 63) When she is by herself with no risk of Glen’s violent rage, she is able to desire rather than withdraw, taking an active part in her horror fantasy when in the horror of her reality she can only remain passive and helpless, â€Å"too afraid to move.† (47) Sex and fear are often intertwined. Georges Bataille, author of Story of the Eye, a book that certainly incorporates elements of horror into a work of erotica, said on the subject that sex itself is frightening to people. â€Å"Man goes constantly in fear of himself,† he says. â€Å"His erotic urges terrify him.† He emphasizes the fear of incest especially (Brain 28), which is definitely present in Bastard out of Carolina, with Glen being a father figure to Bone. These feelings of horror do not always dampen sexual arousal, though, making it instead more exciting. As Bone says of one of her masochistic fantasies of Glen beating her, â€Å"it was scary, but it was thrilling too (112).† In Bone’s mind, the intersections of sex and fear are largely due to her familial background. The stories told to her by her aunts and uncles instill in her an eroticization of what could be considered frightening. She is told by her Aunt Alma, for example, that her Uncle Earle has â€Å"a devilish look and a body made for sex (Allison 24).† Her Aunt Ruth also describes Earle as having â€Å"just enough meanness in him to keep a woman interested (25).† Her uncles also joke about Glen’s temper and his violently huge hands and â€Å"horse dick,† saying that a woman would never leave him (61-2). Bone’s own mother, Anney, is confused by feelings of fear and lust. When she is introduced to Daddy Glen, â€Å"his eyes b ored into her and got darker still. She flushed then, and smelled her own sweat, nervously unable to tell if it came from fear or lust (13).† This uncertainty, while terrifying, excites Anney, and her daughter seems to take after her in this sense. Uncertainty and anticipation is what makes fear so arousing. When Bone masturbates to the fantasy of fire, she is unsure whether she escapes the fire or is consumed by it, but she knows one of those thoughts causes her to orgasm. Bone’s sexual climax can be related to the climax of a story arc, where an intense confrontation happens and it is uncertain whether the protagonist will overcome it or not. Fear and uncertainty cause a rush of adrenaline; this excitement can be converted into sexual excitement, a theory known as excitation transfer. In his book Masochism and the Self, Roy F. Baumeister mentions one study of excitation transfer that dealt with fear specifically, in which male subjects who had just crossed â€Å"a high suspension bridge that swayed in the wind† were much more likely to flirt with an attractive woman on the other side than those who had remained on solid ground (138). Baumeister goes on to compare this to masochism, saying that bondage situations, like those Bone fantasizes about, are sexually arousing because they make the masochist feel vulnerable (139). Vulnerability means a lack of control, a lack of certainty, and this creates an arousing sensation in the body, which can then be transferred to sexual arousal. Masochists engaging in consensual sexual activities, however, do usually have some level of control, however subtle it may be. As Baumeister writes earlier in his book, â€Å"It sounds as if the dominant has seized control, but again it is usually the masochist who desires [the bo ndage] (77).† Bone takes pleasure in having control over her fantasies when in reality she has no control over Daddy Glen. His beatings and molestations are not at all desired by her. What she desires, then, seems to be some control over her lack of control, which is the paradox of masochistic desire. The beatings inspire her to take the unpleasant and transform it into pleasure through sexual fantasies. This is not unique to the character of Bone; Theodor Reik, a student and associate of Freud, said that â€Å"anxiety and fright fear and horror are unpleasant in themselves and yet they initiate sexual excitement.† Reik says these feelings can be the initial cause of childhood masturbation. Reminiscent of Bone’s fantasy of a haystack fire, one woman imagined herself as being on a butcher’s block in order to orgasm. Another woman traced her sexual desire to be slapped in the face back to her childhood (Brain 174). It seems that it is common for children to take frightening situations and turn them into satisfying sexual fantasies. This concept is further illustrated in Bastard out of Carolina through Bone’s younger sister Reese, who also seems to enjoy the fantasy of being attacked while not actually being attacked. The terror she experiences as she fights off her imaginary assailants is â€Å"mock terror,† the only kind that can be pleasurable (Allison 176). As Staci Newmahr writes in her book Playing on the Edge: Sadomasochism, Risk, and Intimacy, sadomasochism can often be cathartic: â€Å"Some participants play with the express purpose of healing from past trauma.† She even mentions trauma from incest specifically, saying that â€Å"among incest survivors, incest play can sometimes be an example of this (95).† The healing comes not from ignoring the trauma, but by transforming it into a fantasy, just as Bone wished that her abuse had only been a dream. By embracing the fear, masturbating to thoughts of it, Bone was able to take back a part of herself that would otherwise have belonged to Daddy Glen had she tried to forget about it. In the case of Bone, her fantasies do reflect the abuse she has endured. However, as Anita Phillips puts it, â€Å"Masochistic pleasure does not merely reflect inequalities and unfairness it eroticizes them They are rendered tangible, observed, participated in, enjoyed, played out, exhaust ed.† It is the fantasy, the â€Å"theatrical† qualities of masochism that make such inequalities bearable (54). Bone is able to escape from her actual abuse by playing it out and exhausting it. Unlike in her relationship with Daddy Glen, there’s an end to the fear in her fantasies: when she reaches orgasm. As Phillips writes, â€Å"a scene of sadomasochistic sex bears little resemblance to actual emotional or physical violence (54).† For Bone, the difference between her sexual fantasies and her actual abuse is huge. She masturbates to thoughts of Glen beating her, but in her imagination, she does not scream or kick in protest as she does in real life. She imagines herself as strong in the midst of horror, â€Å"teeth set, making no sound at all, no shameful scream, no begging (Allison 112).† This fantasy eventually helps her to become stronger in real life, refusing to scream during her beatings, something which helps her to endure them by giving he r some control over the situation (234-5). Along with masochistic fantasies being a coping mechanism for her abuse, they also seem to serve as a coping mechanism for the intense guilt Bone feels, both about making Daddy Glen angry, and deriving pleasure from it afterwards. Baumeister argues that masochism is more likely to remove feelings of guilt through escape rather than atonement (98-100). The thrill of it can change the emotional state of a person, thus making them forget, or escape from, their feelings of guilt. Atonement on the other hand, or removing guilt by suffering for one’s misdeeds, tends to be more superficial in sadomasochism. In Bone’s case, however, the masochistic fantasies provide a combination of both escape and atonement. The escape comes from the sensation of it. She feels bad about things, but masturbating makes her feel good. This focus on physical sensation is a major feature of sex therapy, often used to increase sexual pleasure (Baumeister 124). Bone has an obsession with atonement as well though, as indicated by her going to a new church every Sunday to be baptised. Bone is thrilled by the fear of God as well as her horrifying sexual fantasies. She says that what she craves is â€Å"that moment of sitting on the line between salvation and damnation (Allison 151).† Just like in her haystack dream, it is the fear of uncertainty that excites her in the church. Her active imagination transforms even feelings of spiritual guilt into fantastic things to be craved. One important example of Bone turning something frightening into something pleasurable is the hook she finds at the bottom of the river. Aunt Raylene discovers the children playing with it recklessly, and she tells them, â€Å"It’s for trawling, for dragging. You go down in the river and they’ll use something like this to pull you up in chunks (186).† Bone has nightmares about the hooks afterwards, but despite their frightening associations, she wants one for herself desperately. She obsesses over it until she ends up sneaking it out of Ratline’s basement; she uses the frightening object as a kind of sex toy, pleasuring herself with it. Bone does not give in to fear, but embraces it. The difference is that to embrace fear is to take hold of it and make it one’s own, rather than letting oneself belong to fear. Bone quite literally takes the terrifying hook and makes it her own when she steals it and hides it in her bedroom. Rather than being consumed by the fear of it, she takes comfort in it, locking it around her hips and thinking, â€Å"I was locked away and safe. What I really was could not be touched (193).† Once again in control of the fantasy of bondage, she feels that there is a part of her that Daddy Glen will not be able to violate. The dream gives her protection against the real-life situation. She feels safe because the bondage is something she desired and craved, rather than something forced on her. The hook calls to mind another frightening object: Daddy Glen’s belt, which Bone touches and smells almost lovingly when Glen is not around, as if it were an â€Å"animal that could be t amed (112).† This taming is something she accomplishes when she takes ownership of the hook. As she moves the chain of the hook against herself, she muses, â€Å"Somewhere far away a child was screaming, but right then, it was not me (193).† The hook goes on to further serve as a parallel for Bone’s coping with abuse when she uses it to get onto the roof of the Woolworth’s store and break into it. Like Daddy Glen’s beatings, Woolworth’s represented an unjust punishment. She was humiliated by the owner and banned from the store after admitting to stealing Tootsie Rolls. By breaking into the store with the help of her beloved hook, Bone was able to take ownership of a part of herself that was lost in the unfairness of the situation. The hook, though frightening in appearance, served as a â€Å"talisman† (Allison 194) which made her feel powerful and enabled her to bring justice down upon the cruel owner of Woolworth’s. Bone often takes comfort in frightening things such as the hook or â€Å"the hope of the apocalypse† because they represent vindication. She fantasizes about Revelations and its â€Å"rivers of blood and fire (152).† This ties back into her haystack fantasy. Later on in the novel she fantasizes about not only herself being burned by flames, but all of Greenville County with â€Å"haystacks burning and nowhere to run, people falling behind and the flames coming on (254)† She thinks of the fire as â€Å"purifying,† much different than the dirty, unwanted rage of Daddy Glen. When Bone thinks of Glen beating her, she wonders if he came in his pants and the thought makes her gag with disgust (253). Bone’s fantasies are pure in contrast with her revolting reality. This is something that further separates the two. In a study by the evolutionary psychologist Diana Fleischman, it was found that â€Å"women exposed to disgusting stimuli before watching porn were three times less aroused by that erotic stimuli than those in other groups. And there were no significant differences in arousal between women who had viewed frightening images before porn, and women who had not — indicating that being grossed out has a substantial negative effect on your desire to get it on (MacMillen).† Daddy Glen’s presence prevents Bone from getting any pleasure because she is disgusted by him as well as afraid of him. In his absence, however, she is able to be aroused by frightening thoughts alone. In sadomasochistic communities, Bone’s obsession with the combination of horror and pleasure might be called â€Å"fear play.† As Newmahr points out, â€Å"play† is the term for the activities sadists and masochists engage in, and their interactions are called â€Å"scenes.† (8-9) It’s this theatricality that makes masochism or sexual pleasure derived from fear understandable, because the pretend aspect of it separates the fantasy from the reality. In Bastard out of Carolina, Bone uses this fantasy to cope with the reality of abuse. Her constant fear of punishment in reality is nowhere near as pleasant as the sensation as she fantasizes about it. Through sex, she is able to turn fear into a pleasurable experience. She takes terror, something that could easily paralyze a child, and despite its horror somehow uses it to develop strength and grow. Works Cited Allison, Dorothy. Bastard out of Carolina. New York: Penguin, 1993. Print.Baumeister, Roy F. Masochism and the Self. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1989. Print.Brain, James Lewton. The Last Taboo: Sex and the Fear of Death. Garden City: Anchor Press, 1979. Print.MacMillen, Hayley. â€Å"THIS is the Ultimate Turn-Off.† Refinery 29. 06 Jul 2015. Web. 28 Apr 2016.Newmahr, Staci. Playing on the Edge: Sadomasochism, Risk, and Intimacy. Bloomington: Indiana University, 2011. Print.Phillips, Anita. A Defense of Masochism. London: Faber and Faber, 1998. Print.

Maya Angelou - 1076 Words

‘Still I Rise’ is a poem written by Maya Angelou, an African-American poet, and civil rights activist in the 1960s. She has struggled at many times in her life; when her parents divorced at the age of three, being raped by her mother’s boyfriend just after moving back to live with them, and refusing to speak for five years because she felt guilty for reporting the crime. The poem portrays an ironic response towards people who have persistently put her down, due to the fact that she is now overcoming this, and is most likely having a better current life than her last oppressors. The reader can comprehend Angelou’s strength to continuously fight her battles against subjugation towards her and others of the same race and gender. The basis of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You may write me down in history†¦.You may trod me in the very dirt. But still, like dust, I’ll rise.† This quote indicates Angelou’s thoughts and emotions of w hat she and other victims of oppression faced, and how she overcame this. This personal pronoun helps the listener recognise that this issue has affected Angelou and that it is personal to her, but she will continue to persevere. In contrast to this, in ‘Disabled’, Owen describes how he was trapped in a dark world after his injury, and couldn’t rise above the suffering that he faced. â€Å"Waiting for dark† portrays how physically unable Owen was. After losing his leg, it seemed as if all he did was wait for the dark to come so he could sleep. He had lost all happiness in his life, and was left in utter despair, just waiting for his life to finally relinquish. Owen shows the reader how he allowed society to depress and overthrow him, which contradicts Angelou’s view on facing hardship. Using omniscient narration in this poem enables the reader to know how Owen felt when he was struggling, and gives a deep insight into the hardships that he faced, that would be hard to discern if the poem was told in first or second perspective. Strong imagery is used in ‘Still I Rise’, which creates a contrast between Angelou’s past struggles, and her present life. Many imageryShow MoreRelatedMaya Angelou655 Words   |  3 PagesMa 2(1565443) Maya Angelou is known as the â€Å"most visible black female autobiographer/poet.† She was born, Marguerite Ann Johnson, on April fourth, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri. Her parents divorced when she was three, and she and her brother were sent to live with their grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas. Seeing all the racial discrimination in the American south strengthened her passion for poetry, music, dance and performance. Maya writes about the struggles people face, racism and freedom. At ageRead More`` Speak, By The Maya Angelou1137 Words   |  5 Pageswriter, the late Maya Angelou. This statement also aligns to a 1999 contemporary classic novel, Speak, where a young freshman, Melinda Sordino, faces isolation and depression to an event that occurred over the summer, one that only she knows about. In the novel, Melinda hangs up a poster of Maya Angelou in her make-shift janitor’s closet hangout. Laurie Halse Anderson uses Maya Angelou as a figure for Melinda to learn and ch ange by in the novel Speak. Melinda could learn from Angelou that she can standRead More Maya Angelou Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pages Maya Angelou is a phenomenal woman. She was born into a devastating decade, that suffered numerous tragedies. Not only had society shaped her as a woman, she has also shaped our society and influenced many lives. She is still living today, yet I believe her legend will never die. 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Her exploration of this universal theme lends itself to a very large and diverse audience.   Throughout Angelous works, she allows her followers to witness her metamorphosis through different aspects of motherhood.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Well-worked themes are always present in Angelous works-   self-Read MoreMaya Angelou Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesMaya Angelou was an inspiring activist, poet, and woman. Angelou was born in St. Louis, Missouri on April 4, 1928. Throughout her lifetime she explored her career options as an actress, dancer, singer, writer, and editor among many other careers. Angelou had a tough childhood. Her parents divorced when she was very young and she was sent to live with her grandmother in Arkansas along with her brother Bailey. As an African American, Angelou experienced discrimination and racial prejudices. AngelouRead MoreEssay On Maya Angelou1879 Words   |  8 PagesMaya Angelou is one of the most important American Authors who ever lived. She was an African-American woman who spoke her mind and when someone told her she couldn’t do something, it made her want to do it even more so that she could prove them wrong (Shapiro). Her life was incredi bly difficult, but it made her who she was and influenced her writing and poetry immensely. As Gary Younge once said, â€Å"To know her life story is to simultaneously wonder what on earth you have been doing with your

Advertising and Its Impact on Children Essays - 1552 Words

Advertising has had a powerful impact on today’s children. From songs, to logos, to characters, advertisers keep in mind their audiences. Competition is the force which causes advertisers to target children. Children are targeted through the catch phrases, animated characters, and toys in these competitive advertisements. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The textbook used in class (Huffman, 2002) describes that â€Å"advertising has numerous† methods to hook the individual into â€Å"buying their products and services.† The advertising company surrounds a particular candidate such as a child and immediately sinks their teeth into the child’s mind to manipulate the child into desiring their products. Through TV, cartoons and magazine†¦show more content†¦Competition between companies with similar products, is the reason catch phrases are used. If one company can create a catch phrase that everyone will know and remember, they are one step closer to winning the race. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Animated characters are also a medium for ensnaring children. Animation has been the way which companies from Disney to the Cartoon Network, capture the attention of children everywhere. Tony the Tiger is the spokesman for Kellogg’s frosted flakes. The image of this tiger appears in all the commercials and on the boxes of cereal. â€Å"Their grrrreat!,† is a catch phrase used along with the animated character. Together these mediums imprint themselves into a child’s memory. When a child sees these commercials on television, the get placed in their memory book. When a child goes shopping with their parents and sees the product on the shelf, the memory resurfaces and the child asks for the product. Other animated characters associated with food products, are the Trix Rabbit, the Flintstones, the leprechaun for Lucky Charms, and the Quick Rabbit. The Flintstones is a well-known cartoon. Using these characters to advertise a product takes something that children already love and gives it more meaning. Again, these commercials get put into a child’s memory bank, and the companies hope that the child will one day ask for the product. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Toys are anotherShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Impact Advertising Has on Children1394 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact Advertising Has on Children Advertising today focuses on specific targeted demographic groups. There is a direct focus on marketing products to young consumers. This age group sees the commercials, but does not really understand the directed message. This can have an adverse effect on the way children interpret and understand the message being presented to them. 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An Investigation about Married Couples

Question: Describe about An Investigation about Married Couples. Answer: Research Topic An investigation into how couples select their marriage partner. In what ways western countries differ from eastern countries and what do divorce rates signify regarding the relative success of each given system? Business Significance This study mainly discuses the factors that are considered by couples on selection of their marriage partner (Adams and Thompson 2011). This research topic emphasis upon understanding the viewpoint of married couples. This will help in gaining better understanding of the factors that are present causing success or failure of marital relationship. In the recent times, divorce rates and separation are increasing at faster pace and leading to unsuccessful marriages. The relationships in eastern cultures are mostly family centric in nature (Allendorf 2013). Couples, in that case requires passing through family approvals On the contrary, Western civilization prefers over family and decisions are made on priority as well as relevance of relationships (Larson and Holman 1994). The failure for committing towards spouse leads to divorce situation. Divorce is the term that means strong indication of unhappiness as well as dissatisfaction of marriage. Researchers had found out that divorce as w ell as resulting separation was correlated with satisfaction and unhappiness in any marital relationships. Study had pointed out that marriage as well as divorce cases compares trends for last 150 years in and across countries into proper demographic groups (Bleisteiner 2015). Research Questions What are the factors taken into consideration at the time where couples select their marriage partner? How Western countries marriages differ from Easter countries? How divorce rates indicate relative success for the given system? Literature Review Introduction Marriage is considered one of the important and fundamental human relationships. This relationship has been studied for a long, long time. Marital satisfaction is vital for a marriage to be happy, healthy, and long lasting. The question is what are the factors that make a marriage last (Larson and Holman 1994). The present literature review provides several facts on the study that has been carried out by analyzing collection of personal experiences, interviews, and surveys. The proposed literature review will enhance the understanding of marital relationships and throw light upon research on marital qualities. Adhering to few of the recent trends regarding marital research, the present qualitative study will look at various perspectives on how marriages become successful and how to assess unsuccessful marriages. Furthermore, this literature review aims to further enrich the marriage literature and offer qualitative studies on the elements that make a marriage happy, healthy, and long lasting. Perspectives on marriage According to (Larson and Holman, 1994) marriage is considered to be the most essential and fundamental relationship as it plays the key role in establishing a family as well as the basis for nurturing the next generation. However, marital satisfaction has a huge role in determining how happy, healthy, and long-lasting a relationship will be. Several researchers have attempted to analyses numerous marriages in order to identify crucial factors that contribute to a strong marriage. Several researchers including (Bachand and Caron, 2001) have proposed key themes that play important roles for strengthening a marriage relationship. However, through the various surveys, interviews, and personal experiences it was constructed that different couples had different views on what kind of ingredients aided in the success of marriage. Nonetheless, there were three key factors which most couples considered were important and according to (Lauer and Kerr, 1990) these factors were enjoy an intimate bond with an approved partner, commitment to their partner and to marriage, and humor. In a famous family therapy conference held in 1990, nine core elements had been postulated which constitutes the cornerstones upon which a happy, healthy, and strong family was built (Family therapy News, 1990). The nine core elements are also used as cornerstones for building a strong marriage (Kaslow and Robinson, 1996). They were adaptive ability, which is capable of being flexible to predictable and unexpected turn events; commitment to family and acknowledging and valuing of each partner by the other. Communication to be frank, direct, and regular; encouragement of spouse, appreciation and expression of positive regards for one another; spiritual and religious experiences, social connection with a big network of family and friends; clarity of roles defining responsibility of each member and lastly shared time, spending quality time together. According to (Fennell, 1993), these 9 core elements have been found to be important for building strong marital relationships. In a study involving 147 couples married for 20 years or more, the researcher found out that eight characteristics were common to couples who shared a happy and strong marital relationship. The eight factors as described by (Fennell, 1993) are companionship, life-long commitment to their partner and marriage, sexual fidelity commitment, respect, loyalty and reciprocity, the want of being good parents, mutual sharing of strong moral values, and religious and spiritual commitment. Another study by (Sokolski and Hendrick, 1999) involving 160 graduate individuals and their partners found similar elements through both qualitative and quantitative means (Larson and Holman 1994). Outlook on partner-making choices Several studies have tried to analyze the weight of this factor in determining if a marriage relationship will fail or prosper. In this regard, the two primary types of marriage associations come into light. On one hand, love marriages result from two people developing likeness towards each others characteristics and deciding to marry. While on the other hand, two people completely unknown to each other previously marry each other and start falling in love. According to (Shek, 1995) quality of any marital relationship depends on the psychological state of both the partners. Marriage relationships are expected to fulfill a number of criterion like physical needs, innate psychological need, companionship, emotional need, and the like. When anyone or more of these expectations go unfulfilled for one or both the partners, their marital relationship then tends to take a tumultuous turn. The choice criteria in the case of arranged as well as marriage of choice are significantly different. Several studies have been conducted what the innate qualities of a human are being that play key role in partner selection. Yet other researchers have tried to find out the success rates of arranged and love marriages. A study by (Yalom et al. 2002) done across 37 cultures showed that female and male college students reported dependence, intelligent quotient, kindness and understanding, and emotional stability in the respective order to be the most important factors when choosing a prospective mate. Additionally, love and mutual attraction were also considered essential by the students from different cultures. According to women, happiness and satisfaction in a marital relationship have strong correlation to love experiences (Xiaohe and Whyte, 1990). However, (Madathil and Benshoff, 2008) points out that factors like happiness, love, and intimacy can be generally found in marriages of choice rather than in arranged marriages. This happens because in the latter kind of marital relati onship, it is not the individual who gets to carefully handpick their prospective mate but the individual's family members. In giving logic more weight than love and emotion, family members go to individuals who will be compatible, be able to raise social standing, able to accumulate enough wealth and, create a stable family and household. However, in marriages by choice, individuals give more weight to emotions and love over logic and reasoning (Larson and Holman 1994). Divorce and Separation The failure to commit to the spouse and to the institution of marriage terminates in divorce. Divorce is a tough term giving strong indications of unhappiness and dissatisfaction in a marriage. Researchers say that divorce and the resulting separation from it can easily be correlated with satisfaction and happiness in a marital relationship(Schlyter, 2005). In United States, marriage by choice is more common yet the divorce rates are more than fifty percent. On the contrary, divorce cases resulting from arranged marriages are not even nearly as high. India, a country where arranged marriages happen more, divorce rates are the least, in fact, the country exhibits the least number of divorce cases in the world. One important thing to note is that divorces cannot be directly correlated with unhappiness and dissatisfaction in a marital relationship(Emener and Lambos, 2009). Marriages that do not end in divorce do not necessarily mean a healthy, happy, and a long lasting marriage. In coun tries like India and in Asian cultures, divorces are not well received in traditional cultures, which mean that partners may still continue to be married even if they would choose otherwise. In Asian cultures, especially females who divorce their husbands face a lot of social stigma(Frost, 2011). So, divorce and separation rates may be less in case of arranged marriages and higher in case of love marriages; it does not necessarily conclude that in arranged marriages factors such as satisfaction and happiness are being met. In poorer countries facing economic stress, families force their daughters to marry wealthy men at a very young age. These females may also be sold for money by their family members, generally to the one who places the highest bid. These women because of being bought in exchange for money, are treated like objects, and often abused physically, sexually, and emotionally by their husbands and his family members. In such cases of arranged marriages, there is no optio n of getting a divorce; the woman may either endure it or commit suicide. In the West, marriage happens under an authority, usually in a church aided by a priest(Strier and Zidan, 2013). A study showed that United States exhibits the highest rate of divorce cases in the world. In some countries like that of Philippines, divorce is illegal. Around 1970, divorce rates were very low in most countries of American and Latin origin and even in the United States. Marriage was considered a holy union and an institution built on trust and honesty. However by 1985, divorce cases gradually became a common scenario across most countries. By 1995, divorce rates in East Asian countries increased to such an extent that they competed with other industrialized countries. Between the year 1995 and 2005, Australia, New Zealand and other European as well as North American countries saw a decline in the divorce rates. However, at present, most of the developed countries and regions exhibit a divorce rat e which surpasses 2.0 divorces every 1,000 individuals(Nanavatty, 1988). Studies show that in the United States, forty to fifty percent of first marriages and sixty percent of second marriages are likely to end up in divorce. A number of studies have found out the increasing rates of divorces occurring at present than at earlier times. Researchers have been analyzing marital relationships to understand the reasons responsible for such abrupt termination. Some of the common factors that are responsible for divorce cases include teenage marriages, financial instabilities, less education, live-in relationships, premarital pregnancies, feelings of insecurity, and sometimes peer pressures from family members. Personal experiences, surveys, and interviews of individuals across different cultures have shown that divorces often result from lack of commitments, sexual infidelity, lack of communication, teen marriages, lack of respect and trust, and abuse. These marital issues can be fixed to prevent divorces. Researchers are trying to find out the driving factors which prevent spouses from settling problems and instead seeking a divorce. Researchers are also trying to find out what are the factors that trigger such problems and what are the steps that can be taken in order to nip the problems in the bud(Nanavatty, 1988). Trends in Western and Eastern cultures A study documented key facts regarding marriage and divorce cases and comparing trends over the last 150 years across various countries and demographic groups. The study shows that although divorce rates were at its peak during the last hundred and fifty years, divorce rates have subsequently declined in the last quarter century(Wood, 2014). Additionally, marriage rates have also declined in the last quarter century. More importantly, the meaning and importance of marriage in the various points of the life cycle is rapidly changing. Such changes are being reflected in rising age in first matrimony, rising divorce cases, and higher rates of remarriages. In the western countries, the rise of cohabitation is increasing and being considered as a replacement to marriage (Larson and Holman 1994). However, compared to other countries, marriages still hold a constitutional position in the lives of American people. Studies show the factors responsible for such radical changes; increased popul arity of birth control pills, sharp changes in income structure, and most importantly the heightened popularity of social media matchmaking technologies(Lingyu, 2016). Researchers are assessing the impact of these factors in marriage constituencies across different countries. Studies show the well-documented rise in divorce rates across several Western countries in the past thirty years, with somewhat stable rate observed in the past decade. In recent years, the world has seen some serious changes and globalization. Now more and more individuals are delaying their marriage, or opting cohabitation. Marriage is viewed differently amongst different cultures and differently in the east and the west. In western cultures, marrying and divorcing, living in cohabitation or remarrying may be viewed as a norm. However, in other cultures, divorce rates are lower as they are looked down upon in their traditional customs. Interracial marriages are also encouraged in countries like United States but the same is highly protested and looked down upon in India and other Asian countries (Bleisteiner 2015). Males having more than one wife or polygamy are practiced majorly in Islamic countries. Marriage customs largely differ across countries based on the freedom of partner selection. Western countries favor marriages by choice whereas Asian countries prefer arranged marriages. It is really hard to understand marital satisfaction from the viewpoint of one particular ethnic group. Marital satisfaction and happiness in the United States amount from mutual understanding, equality, and sharing of household work between spouses. However, in Japan, a dominant factor in predicting marital satisfaction is the husband's financial status (Bleisteiner, 2015). Research Methodology In this particular research topic, both qualitative as well as quantitative research methodologies are used in a way for collecting potential information (Larson and Holman 1994). In this, open-ended questions will be asked in an interview to the research participants. These interview questions will be based on married couples whereby research participants will be giving descriptive detail of answers. Correlation analysis will be used for analyzing the relationship between divorces as other related factors at the same time. Some of the participants were even recruited by using fliers, snowball method as well as ads featured in university newspapers (Bachand and Caron 2001). Data Collection and Analysis In this particular research, data will be collected by conducting interview and distributing survey questionnaire (Larson and Holman 1994). Researchers will be asking open-ended questions to the research participants. Collected data will help in giving insight in the thought process of married individuals. This includes combined data used for reaching definite conclusions. Researchers will be collecting data by using qualitative and quantitative research (Adams and Thompson 2011). This is because qualitative data will help in giving details regarding individuals based on marital history. On the other hand, Quantitative data will be collected by way of calculating marriage rates and divorce rates. In this particular research, collection of survey data will be done and divided into four major categories such as cross-sectional surveys for understanding retrospective relationship facts, cross-sectional surveys for understanding the retrospective relationship evidences as well as longitudinal surveys for tracking the specific individuals for given period and longitudinal surveys by providing retrospective information (Yalom 2002). Research Process This particular research proposal was performed in different steps with a view to complete the final report in successful way. Researchers will be collecting secondary data for conducting the research. This data will be obtained by gathering information from potential sources such as authentic websites, peer-reviewed journal articles as well as academic books and university libraries. Secondly, researchers will be collecting primary data by interviewing participants by distributing surveys and questionnaires. Recruiting individuals will be done through college fliers, fliers in schools and churches as well as university advertisement. Finally, data will be combined for deriving at conclusion and drawn from the literature review. Data Sampling Method Sample is the set of data used for data acquisition as well as selected from the specified statistical population (Larson and Holman 1994). Addition to that, components of sample means sample points by considering sampling units by conducting observation method analysis. It is thereby noticed that researchers will be using probability-sampling methods from targeted population. Probability sampling is one of the sampling techniques that is conducted from requisites of samples after considering constituent individuals by equal chance of population (Bachand and Caron 2001). It makes ways for utilizing probability methods when researchers should fund number of people by playing wide-range of individuals regarding married couples. This particular research requires conducting marginal probability of two stated criteria in specified locations (Adams and Thompson 2011). Discussion of Results In order to conduct the research, researchers will be discussing the results in the most appropriate way (Lauer, Lauer and Kerr 1990). The above analysis discuses the approaches used in the research by way of performing research on married couples and factors influencing on the divorce rates. Quantitative as well as Qualitative data are collected by way of bringing clear depiction of research topic on investigation on married couples. As far as Quantitative data collection methods are concerned, researchers will be conducting sampling and permitting the remuneration process. Data will be collected from the past records (Madathil and Benshoff 2008). Discussion of Hypothesis This particular research topic will be based on considering the research variable, one independent variables and other dependent variables (Lauer and Holman 1994). Independent variables are the factors required for selection of partners. Dependent variable will be the married couples. Discussion of Literature and Research Results The above literature review discuses on marriage aspects that are one of the fundamental human relationships (Lingyu 2016). The research proposal explains the factors governing to marital governance like leading happy, healthy as well as long-lasting relationships. Researchers will be collecting facts regarding analyzing collection of personal experiences as well as surveys and interviews. The literature review elucidates understanding of marital relationships as well as marital qualities at the same time. Several studies had been conducted for analyzing the weighted factors for determining whether a marriage relationship can fail or prosper in nearby future. Vital types of marriage associations that explain the scenario in better ways (Kaslow and Robinson 1996). Recommendations It is recommended that researchers should conduct in-depth analysis on the selected topic on investigation on married couples. Some of the areas that remained untouched or not focused like interracial marriages. More focus needs to be made on the aspects of human relationship as well as human interactions. It is thereby important to point out that marriage is complicated but essential part in the life cycle of human beings. More emphasis has to be given on understanding the process of gaining and maintaining peace in the marital lives of people. Project Milestone Main Activities/ Period 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd and 4th Week 5th and 6th Week Ideation Designing the research Collection of the requisite data Interpretation of the collected data Publication process Primary Mentor My Primary Mentor for this research project is primary supervisor who had guided me in each single step for completing the project on time. My seniors and classmates were great inspiration and received constant guidance in the given process. My mentor provided me every single detail and explained the research topic that made me complete the research work in allocated time. Conclusion and Future work The future scope of the study is discussing on various issues like marital problems, divorces as well as factors triggering with such problem. It has been noted that couples become happy at the time of marriage but later it may happen resulting to marital unhappiness as well as dissatisfaction leading to divorce. Researchers will be collecting secondary data from surveys, personal experiences of couples as well as interview. Collection of data has been analyzed by taking into consideration couple of marriages from unique cultures and countries from past few years. Several criterions are present for sympathetic the potential associate whereby investigator was puzzled for long time. Partners look for character as well as select possible mate. It requires illustrating the factors formative wedding quality as well as approval in an across unique cultures. This takes into consideration different beliefs and customers between western countries and eastern countries. Marriage relations as w ell as success widely depend upon large variety of factors. These factors vary in agreement with beliefs, ideologies as well as principles and culture. It was found out that all the Indian participant irrespective of their location had agreed marriages while all the American participants were married to partners of their own choice. The researchers using the CHARISMA review found out that the factor had unreliable level of significance to different participant coming from dissimilar cultures. Participants wedded in arrange wedding style gave more significance to obligation and faithfulness while persons in love marriages or marriage of choice gave more worth to love and intimacy factors. Reference List Adams, C. and Thompson, T. 2011. 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